Review: Advanced Tenses

Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:

Memilih tense lanjutan yang tepat (future continuous, future perfect, past perfect continuous, present perfect/continuous) sesuai konteks.
Membedakan fokus proses/durasi dari fokus hasil/penyelesaian pada pasangan tense yang mirip.

Ringkasan Modul

Modul ini mendalami empat "tenses lanjutan" yang membedakan proses/durasi dari hasil/penyelesaian. Berikut rangkuman tiap lesson:

Future Continuous: will be + V-ing. Aksi yang akan sedang berlangsung pada momen tertentu di masa depan, aksi paralel, dan pertanyaan sopan tentang rencana. Penanda: this time tomorrow, at 5 pm tomorrow, all day, while, still.
At 8 p.m. tonight I 'll be presenting to the board.
Future Perfect: will have + V3. Aksi yang akan sudah selesai sebelum satu titik di masa depan, atau durasi yang tercapai pada titik itu. Penanda: by + waktu, by then, by the time, before, already.
By Friday I 'll have submitted the proposal.
Past Perfect Continuous: had been + V-ing. Menekankan durasi/proses sebuah aksi sampai titik tertentu di masa lampau, sering untuk menjelaskan sebab/hasil yang terlihat. Penanda: for, since, by the time, before.
By the time the client called, we had been working for two hours.
Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous. Present Perfect (have/has + V3) = hasil/jumlah (how many); Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + V-ing) = durasi/proses, sering masih berlangsung (how long). Stative verbs (know, be, have, own) selalu Present Perfect.
I 've written three reports. / I 've been writing reports all day.

Benang merah: bentuk continuous (be + V-ing) menyoroti aktivitas/durasi; bentuk perfect (have/had + V3) menyoroti penyelesaian/hasil. Kata kerja keadaan (stative) tetap memakai bentuk perfect sederhana, bukan -ing.

Dialogue

Project review at the end of the week

Dewi

You looked exhausted on Tuesday. What had happened?

Arif

By the time we shipped the build, we had been working for fourteen hours.

Dewi

How many bugs have you fixed so far this week?

Arif

I've fixed thirty, but I've been testing the payment flow all morning.

Dewi

Good. By next Friday we'll have finished the whole release.

Arif

Don't call me at 3 tomorrow: I'll be demoing it to the client then.

Latihan Campuran

Cek Pemahaman: Semua Tenses Lanjutan

1. Don't call at 6: I ___ home then.

2. By the end of the year, the company ___ 50 new staff.

3. He was tired because he ___ all night.

4. How long ___ you ___ here?

5. She ___ five reports so far this week.

Lengkapi dengan tense yang tepat

1.This time tomorrow we (present) to the investors.

2.By Monday the team (launch) the campaign.

3.By the time he arrived, I (wait) for an hour.

4.I (know) her since university.

Flashcards

this time tomorrow

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Selanjutnya

Kamu sudah menguasai tenses lanjutan untuk membedakan proses dan hasil di masa depan maupun lampau. Lanjut ke modul Grammar: Conditionals & Reporting untuk belajar mengandaikan situasi (if-clauses) dan melaporkan ucapan orang lain (reported speech).

SebelumnyaPresent Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous BerikutnyaThird & Mixed Conditionals