Review: Perfect Tenses
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Memilih tense yang tepat (Present Perfect, Past Simple, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect) sesuai konteks.
- Menggunakan penanda waktu since, for, already, yet, just, by the time, dan ago dengan benar.
Ringkasan Modul
Modul ini membahas empat tense yang sering tertukar. Inti pembedanya: kapan aksi terjadi dan apa fokusnya (hasil, proses, atau urutan waktu).
1. Present Perfect: have/has + past participle (V3). Dipakai untuk pengalaman hidup, aksi lampau yang berdampak sekarang, dan waktu yang belum berakhir. Penanda: already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently.
I have already sent the report. / We have worked here since 2020.
2. Past Simple vs Present Perfect: pasangan yang paling sering tertukar. Pakai Past Simple (V2) bila ada waktu spesifik yang sudah selesai (yesterday, ago, in 2019). Pakai Present Perfect bila yang penting pengalaman, hasil, atau kaitan kini. Aturan emas: jangan gabungkan Present Perfect dengan waktu spesifik lampau.
I saw him yesterday. (✅) vs
I have seen him yesterday.(❌)
3. Present Perfect Continuous: have/has + been + verb-ing. Menekankan durasi/proses aksi yang dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlanjut (atau baru berhenti, hasilnya terlihat sekarang). Penanda: How long...?, for, since, all day, lately, non-stop. Stative verbs (know, like) tetap pakai Present Perfect.
I have been working on this since Monday. (fokus pada prosesnya)
4. Past Perfect: had + past participle (V3), sama untuk semua subjek. "Masa lampau di dalam masa lampau": aksi yang selesai lebih dulu dari aksi lampau lain. Yang lebih dulu = Past Perfect; yang menyusul = Past Simple. Penanda: by the time, before, after, already, just.
By the time we arrived, the meeting had already ended.
Dialogue
End-of-week project recap
How long have you been working on the client proposal?
Since Monday, non-stop. But I've just finished the final version.
Great. Has the client replied to your last email yet?
Not yet. By the time I sent it on Friday, they had already left the office.
No worries. We signed two deals this week, so it's been a good week.
Latihan Campuran
Cek Pemahaman: Semua Tense
1. We ___ the new office in 2021.
2. She's exhausted because she ___ for the audit all morning.
3. By the time the manager arrived, we ___ the meeting.
4. ___ you ever ___ to Singapore?
5. I can't open the door. I ___ my keys.
Pilih tense yang tepat
Flashcards
since / for
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Selanjutnya
Kamu sudah menguasai empat Perfect Tenses inti. Modul berikutnya, Grammar: Conditionals & Modals, mengajak kamu mengungkapkan kemungkinan, syarat, dan tingkat kepastian: keterampilan penting untuk berdiskusi dan bernegosiasi secara profesional.