Present Perfect Continuous

Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:

Membentuk Present Perfect Continuous dengan have/has been + verb-ing.
Menekankan durasi aksi dengan How long...?, for, dan since.
Membedakan Present Perfect Continuous (proses) dari Present Perfect (hasil).

Bentuk (Form)

Present Perfect Continuous dibentuk dengan have/has + been + kata kerja -ing.

	Struktur	Contoh
(+) Positif	subject + have/has + been + verb-ing	I have been working all day.
(−) Negatif	subject + have/has + not + been + verb-ing	I haven't been sleeping well.
(?) Tanya	Have/Has + subject + been + verb-ing?	Have you been waiting long?

Aturan penting:

he / she / it memakai has been; I/you/we/they memakai have been.
Bentuk pendek: I've been, she's been (= she has been); haven't been, hasn't been.
Kata been tidak berubah; yang berubah hanya have/has dan kata kerja utama (+ -ing).
Aturan ejaan -ing sama seperti Present Continuous (run → running, write → writing).
Stative verbs (know, like, want, believe) tetap tidak dipakai di bentuk ini.

Kapan Dipakai (Usage)

Menekankan durasi sebuah aksi yang dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlanjut:
I have been working here for three years. (dan masih bekerja)
Aksi yang baru berhenti tapi hasilnya masih terlihat sekarang:
She's tired because she has been running. (baru saja, terlihat kelelahan) The ground is wet: it has been raining.
Aktivitas berulang/berkelanjutan akhir-akhir ini:
He has been going to the gym a lot lately.
Menjawab "How long...?" untuk aksi yang sedang berjalan:
How long have you been learning English?

🔁 Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous:
Present Perfect menekankan hasil/jumlah (selesai): I have written three reports. (hasilnya: 3 laporan)
Present Perfect Continuous menekankan proses/durasi (aktivitas itu sendiri): I have been writing reports all day. (fokus: aktivitasnya berlangsung lama)
Bandingkan: I have painted the room. (selesai, kamar sudah dicat) vs I have been painting the room. (prosesnya; mungkin belum selesai, dan saya berlepotan cat).

Penanda Waktu (Time Markers / Signal Words)

How long...? → How long has she been working here?
for + durasi → I have been waiting for an hour.
since + titik waktu → They have been talking since 9 a.m.
all day / all morning / the whole week → He has been coding all day.
lately, recently → Sales have been growing lately.
non-stop, constantly → The phone has been ringing non-stop.

Examples (English)

I have been working on this proposal since Monday. She's exhausted because she has been preparing for the audit all week. How long have you been waiting for the bus? They haven't been answering their emails lately.

Kosakata & Penanda

English	Arti (ID)	Contoh
How long...?	Sudah berapa lama...?	How long have you been waiting?
for	selama (durasi)	I have been working for three hours.
since	sejak (titik waktu)	She has been studying since 8 a.m.
all day	seharian	They have been meeting all day.
lately	akhir-akhir ini	He has been travelling a lot lately.
recently	baru-baru ini	We have been hiring recently.
the whole morning	sepanjang pagi	I have been emailing clients the whole morning.
non-stop	tanpa henti	The phone has been ringing non-stop.

Dialogue

Catching up at work

Dewi

You look tired. What have you been doing?

Arif

I've been preparing for the audit all morning.

Dewi

How long have you been working on it?

Arif

Since Monday, non-stop. But I've finished the main report now.

Kesalahan Umum (Common Mistakes)

❌ "I have working here for years." → ✅ "I have been working here for years." (jangan lupa 'been')
❌ "She has been work all day." → ✅ "She has been working all day." (verb wajib -ing)
❌ "I have been knowing him for years." → ✅ "I have known him for years." (know = stative, pakai Present Perfect)
❌ "How long are you waiting?" → ✅ "How long have you been waiting?" (durasi sampai kini)
❌ "He has been finished the project." → ✅ "He has finished the project." (hasil selesai = Present Perfect)

Latihan

Cek Pemahaman

1. Choose the correct sentence.

2. Which sentence emphasises the process/duration rather than the result?

3. Complete: 'How long ___ you ___ English?'

4. Which verb should NOT use this tense?

Lengkapi dengan Present Perfect Continuous

1.They in the meeting room since 9 a.m. (meet)

2.She's tired because she all day. (work)

3.How long you for the bus? (wait)

4.The phone non-stop this morning. (ring)

5.I very well lately. (negatif: not sleep)

Flashcards

How long...?

Klik untuk lihat arti

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Ringkasan

Bentuk: have/has + been + verb-ing.
Fungsi: menekankan durasi/proses aksi yang berlanjut sampai sekarang (atau baru berhenti).
Penanda: How long...?, for, since, all day, lately, non-stop.
vs Present Perfect: Continuous = proses/durasi; Perfect biasa = hasil/jumlah yang selesai.
Jebakan: jangan lupa been; stative verbs (know, like) tetap pakai Present Perfect.

SebelumnyaPast Simple vs Present Perfect BerikutnyaPast Perfect