Past Simple vs Present Perfect
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Memilih Past Simple untuk waktu lampau yang spesifik dan sudah selesai.
- Memilih Present Perfect untuk pengalaman, hasil, atau waktu yang belum selesai.
- Menggunakan penanda ever, never, just, already, yet, since, dan for dengan tepat.
Inti Perbedaan
Ini adalah pasangan tense yang paling sering tertukar. Kuncinya: apakah kamu menyebut kapan kejadiannya? Jika ada waktu spesifik yang sudah selesai, pakai Past Simple. Jika yang penting adalah pengalaman, hasil, atau kaitan dengan sekarang (tanpa waktu spesifik), pakai Present Perfect.
| Past Simple | Present Perfect | |
|---|---|---|
| Bentuk | subject + V2 | subject + have/has + V3 |
| Fokus | kejadian selesai di waktu tertentu | pengalaman, hasil, kaitan kini |
| Waktu | finished (yesterday, in 2019, ago) | unfinished/tak spesifik (today, this week, ever) |
| Penanda | yesterday, last week, ago, in 2019 | ever, never, just, already, yet, since, for |
| Contoh | I saw that film last night. | I have seen that film (kapan saja). |
⚠️ Aturan emas: JANGAN gabungkan Present Perfect dengan waktu spesifik lampau. ❌
I have seen him yesterday.→ ✅ I saw him yesterday.
Kapan Pakai Past Simple
- Waktu spesifik di masa lalu:
We launched the product in 2019.
- Penanda waktu selesai (yesterday, last…, ago):
She called me two days ago.
- Rangkaian kejadian dalam cerita:
I woke up, made coffee, and left for work.
- Pertanyaan dengan "When…?":
When did you join the company?
Kapan Pakai Present Perfect
- Pengalaman hidup (kapan tidak penting):
I have visited Japan three times.
- Tindakan dengan hasil yang terasa sekarang:
I have lost my keys. (= sekarang tidak punya)
- Waktu yang belum selesai (today, this week, this year):
We have signed two deals this month.
- Durasi sampai sekarang (since / for):
She has worked here for five years.
- Penanda just / already / yet:
He has just sent the email. / I haven't replied yet.
Penanda Waktu
| Past Simple | Present Perfect |
|---|---|
| yesterday | today, this week (belum selesai) |
| last night / last year | ever, never |
| two days ago | just, already, yet |
| in 2019 | so far, recently |
| when I was a child | since 2020, for ten years |
Bandingkan Langsung
Minimal pairs: kalimat sama, makna berubah:
"I lost my wallet." → fokus pada kejadian lampau (mungkin sudah ketemu lagi). "I have lost my wallet." → sekarang masih hilang; hasilnya terasa kini.
"Did you eat?" → menanyakan momen tertentu (mis. tadi siang). "Have you eaten?" → menanyakan sampai sekarang (mungkin lapar?).
"She lived in Bali for three years." → sudah tidak lagi tinggal di sana. "She has lived in Bali for three years." → masih tinggal di sana sampai sekarang.
"We finished the report yesterday." → waktu spesifik → Past Simple. "We have already finished the report." → hasilnya siap sekarang → Present Perfect.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday | kemarin | I saw him yesterday. |
| ago | yang lalu | She left two hours ago. |
| ever | pernah (dalam pertanyaan) | Have you ever been to London? |
| never | tidak pernah | I have never tried sushi. |
| just | baru saja | He has just arrived. |
| already | sudah | We have already finished. |
| yet | belum (dalam negatif/tanya) | I haven't called her yet. |
| since / for | sejak / selama | I have lived here since 2020 / for five years. |
Dialogue
A quick check-in at work
Have you finished the budget report?
Yes, I sent it this morning at nine.
Great. Has the client replied yet?
Not yet, but they called us yesterday about it.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "I have seen him yesterday." → ✅ "I saw him yesterday." (waktu spesifik → Past Simple)
- ❌ "When have you arrived?" → ✅ "When did you arrive?" (pertanyaan 'when' → Past Simple)
- ❌ "I lived here since 2020." → ✅ "I have lived here since 2020." (since + sampai kini → Present Perfect)
- ❌ "Did you ever try sushi?" → ✅ "Have you ever tried sushi?" (pengalaman hidup → Present Perfect)
- ❌ "She has called me two hours ago." → ✅ "She called me two hours ago." (ago → Past Simple)
Latihan
Past Simple atau Present Perfect?
1. I ___ this film last weekend.
2. ___ you ever ___ to Singapore?
3. She ___ here since 2018 (dan masih bekerja di sini).
4. When ___ the meeting ___?
5. Sorry, I can't open the door. I ___ my keys.
Pilih bentuk yang benar
Flashcards
yesterday
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Ringkasan
- Past Simple = kejadian selesai pada waktu spesifik → penanda yesterday, ago, in 2019, last week.
- Present Perfect = pengalaman, hasil kini, atau waktu belum selesai → penanda ever, never, just, already, yet, since, for.
- Aturan emas: jangan pakai Present Perfect dengan waktu spesifik lampau (gunakan Past Simple).
- 'Since/for' yang masih berlangsung sampai sekarang dan pertanyaan pengalaman ('ever') memakai Present Perfect.