Zero & First Conditional
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk Zero Conditional (if + present, present) untuk fakta umum.
- Membentuk First Conditional (if + present, will) untuk kemungkinan nyata di masa depan.
- Memilih antara Zero dan First Conditional sesuai situasi kerja.
Bentuk & Aturan
Kalimat conditional punya dua bagian: klausa if (syarat) dan klausa utama (hasil). Urutannya bisa dibalik. Jika klausa if ada di depan, beri koma; jika di belakang, tanpa koma.
Zero Conditional dipakai untuk fakta umum yang selalu benar: hasilnya pasti. Kedua bagian memakai present simple.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| Pola | if + present simple, present simple | If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. |
| (+) | if + S + V(s/es), S + V(s/es) | If you press this button, the system restarts. |
| (−) | if + S + don't/doesn't + V, ... | If the file doesn't open, the report fails to load. |
| (?) | What happens if + S + V? | What happens if a payment is late? |
First Conditional dipakai untuk kemungkinan nyata di masa depan: sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi. Klausa if memakai present simple, klausa utama memakai will + kata kerja dasar.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| Pola | if + present simple, will + base verb | If we finish early, we will leave at five. |
| (+) | if + S + V(s/es), S + will + V | If the client agrees, we will start Monday. |
| (−) | ..., S + won't + V | If you don't reply, they won't wait. |
| (?) | What will + S + V if ...? | What will you do if the system crashes? |
⚠️ Setelah if, jangan pakai will. Tulis If it rains..., bukan
If it will rain....
Kapan Dipakai
- Zero Conditional: fakta/aturan yang selalu benar (hukum alam, prosedur, kebijakan):
If you don't save the file, you lose your changes.
- Zero Conditional: instruksi & aturan kerja (sering dengan when):
If a customer complains, we apologise first.
- First Conditional: rencana & prediksi nyata untuk situasi tertentu di masa depan:
If the budget is approved, we will hire two new staff.
- First Conditional dengan unless (= if not):
We won't launch the app unless it passes all tests.
Examples (English)
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. If the meeting runs late, I will email you the notes. If the client doesn't sign today, we will lose the deal. Unless we act now, prices will rise next quarter.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| if | jika | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| when | ketika (untuk hal yang pasti terjadi) | When the meeting ends, I'll call you. |
| unless | kecuali jika | We won't ship it unless the client approves. |
| as soon as | segera setelah | I'll send it as soon as it's ready. |
| will (modal) | akan | If sales rise, we will hire more staff. |
| deadline (noun) | tenggat waktu | If we miss the deadline, the client will complain. |
| approve (verb) | menyetujui | If the manager approves, we'll start tomorrow. |
| client (noun) | klien | If the client calls, please take a message. |
Dialogue
Planning a product launch
If the testing finishes on time, will we launch next week?
Yes. But if we find any major bugs, we'll delay it.
And the marketing emails? When you press 'send', they go out automatically, right?
Exactly. If you click that button, the system sends all of them at once. So we won't click it unless the client approves the final copy.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "If it will rain, we cancel." → ✅ "If it rains, we will cancel." (setelah if pakai present, will di klausa utama)
- ❌ "If you heated water, it boils." → ✅ "If you heat water, it boils." (Zero Conditional: keduanya present)
- ❌ "If the client agrees, we start the project." → ✅ "If the client agrees, we will start the project." (rencana masa depan butuh will)
- ❌ "We won't ship it unless the client doesn't approve." → ✅ "We won't ship it unless the client approves." (unless sudah bermakna negatif)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Complete: 'If you ___ ice, it melts.'
2. Choose the correct First Conditional sentence.
3. Complete: 'We won't launch ___ it passes the tests.'
4. Which sentence is correct?
Lengkapi
Flashcards
if
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Ringkasan
- Zero Conditional: if + present, present: untuk fakta umum/aturan yang selalu benar.
- First Conditional: if + present, will + base verb: untuk kemungkinan nyata di masa depan.
- Setelah if jangan pakai will; pakai present simple di klausa if.
- unless = "if ... not"; jangan tambahkan negatif lagi setelahnya.
- Beri koma jika klausa if ada di depan kalimat.