Second Conditional
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk Second Conditional (if + past simple, would + base verb).
- Memberi saran dengan ungkapan 'If I were you, I would...'.
- Membedakan Second Conditional (hipotetis) dari First Conditional (nyata).
Bentuk & Aturan
Second Conditional dipakai untuk situasi hipotetis atau tidak nyata sekarang/di masa depan: sesuatu yang mustahil atau kecil kemungkinannya. Klausa if memakai past simple, klausa utama memakai would + kata kerja dasar.
Bentuk lampau di sini bukan menunjuk waktu lampau, melainkan menandakan "tidak nyata / khayalan".
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| Pola | if + past simple, would + base verb | If I had more time, I would learn Spanish. |
| (+) | if + S + V2, S + would + V | If we won the contract, we would expand. |
| (−) | ..., S + wouldn't + V | If I didn't have a job, I wouldn't buy this. |
| (?) | What would + S + V if ...? | What would you do if you lost your laptop? |
Aturan khusus: gunakan were untuk semua subjek (lebih formal & standar dalam conditional, termasuk I/he/she/it):
If I were the manager, I would change the schedule. If she were here, she would help us.
Frasa "If I were you, I would..." adalah cara umum dan sopan untuk memberi saran.
Bentuk pendek would → 'd: I'd, you'd, she'd, we'd. Negatif: wouldn't.
Kapan Dipakai
- Situasi tidak nyata sekarang (kenyataannya berbeda):
If I spoke fluent English, I would apply for that job. (kenyataan: belum fluent)
- Khayalan / kemungkinan kecil di masa depan:
If I won the lottery, I would start a company.
- Memberi saran dengan sopan (If I were you...):
If I were you, I would talk to the manager directly.
- Membayangkan hasil dari pilihan dalam diskusi kerja:
If we lowered the price, we would attract more customers.
🔁 First vs Second Conditional: pakai First (if + present, will) kalau situasinya nyata/mungkin (If it rains, we'll stay in). Pakai Second (if + past, would) kalau situasinya hipotetis/tidak nyata (If I were rich, I'd travel).
Examples (English)
If I were you, I would accept the offer. If we had a bigger budget, we would hire a designer. What would you do if your flight were cancelled? If she didn't work weekends, she wouldn't be so tired.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| would (modal) | akan (hipotetis) | If I had more time, I would learn coding. |
| If I were you | kalau aku jadi kamu | If I were you, I would accept the offer. |
| imagine (verb) | bayangkan | Imagine you won a free trip. |
| win the lottery | memenangkan undian | If I won the lottery, I would quit my job. |
| raise (noun) | kenaikan gaji | If they offered a raise, I would stay. |
| abroad (adverb) | ke/di luar negeri | If I spoke French, I would work abroad. |
| advice (noun) | nasihat/saran | If you want advice, I would ask the manager. |
| promotion (noun) | promosi/kenaikan jabatan | If I got a promotion, I would lead the team. |
Dialogue
Asking a colleague for advice
I got a job offer from another company. I don't know what to do.
If I were you, I would ask them about the salary first.
True. If they offered more money, I would definitely consider it.
And if you stayed here, what would happen to your current project?
Honestly, if I left now, the team wouldn't finish on time.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "If I would have more time, I would travel." → ✅ "If I had more time, I would travel." (klausa if pakai past, bukan would)
- ❌ "If I was you, I would wait." → ✅ "If I were you, I would wait." (gunakan were dalam ungkapan ini)
- ❌ "If we won the contract, we will expand." → ✅ "If we won the contract, we would expand." (hipotetis pakai would, bukan will)
- ❌ "If she would be here, she would help." → ✅ "If she were here, she would help." (jangan pakai would di klausa if)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Complete: 'If I ___ more time, I would learn Spanish.'
2. Choose the correct advice expression.
3. Which sentence is hypothetical (Second Conditional)?
4. Complete: 'If we lowered the price, we ___ more customers.'
Lengkapi
Flashcards
would
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Ringkasan
- Second Conditional: if + past simple, would + base verb: untuk situasi hipotetis/tidak nyata.
- Bentuk lampau di sini menandai "khayalan", bukan waktu lampau.
- Gunakan were untuk semua subjek; "If I were you, I would..." untuk memberi saran.
- First = nyata/mungkin (will); Second = hipotetis/tidak nyata (would).
- Klausa if tidak memakai would. Would hanya muncul di klausa utama.