Modals: Advice & Possibility
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Memberi saran dengan should, shouldn't, dan ought to.
- Menyatakan kemungkinan dengan might, may, dan could.
- Membedakan kekuatan (tingkat keyakinan) tiap modal.
Bentuk & Aturan
Modal verbs (should, ought to, might, may, could) selalu diikuti kata kerja dasar (tanpa to, tanpa -s, tanpa -ed). Pengecualian: ought to memakai to.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) | S + modal + base verb | You should call the client. |
| (−) | S + modal + not + base verb | You shouldn't wait any longer. |
| (?) | Modal + S + base verb? | Should I send it now? |
Untuk SARAN:
| Modal | Kekuatan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| should | saran umum (paling sering) | You should review the contract. |
| shouldn't | saran agar tidak melakukan | You shouldn't skip the meeting. |
| ought to | semakna should, sedikit lebih formal | We ought to thank the team. |
Untuk KEMUNGKINAN (semua bermakna "mungkin", beda tingkat keyakinan kecil):
| Modal | Tingkat keyakinan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| could | mungkin (salah satu opsi) | The problem could be the server. |
| might | mungkin (kurang pasti) | She might join later. |
| may | mungkin (lebih formal/netral) | The flight may be delayed. |
⚠️ Jangan tambah to setelah modal (kecuali ought to), dan jangan tambah -s:
He shoulds to go→ He should go.
Kapan Dipakai
- Memberi saran (should / ought to):
You should back up your files regularly. We ought to confirm the booking today.
- Menyarankan agar TIDAK (shouldn't):
You shouldn't send that email without checking it.
- Menyatakan kemungkinan saat ini/masa depan (might/may/could):
The meeting might finish early. Traffic may be heavy, so leave now.
- Mengaku tidak yakin / menebak (could):
The error could be a typo in the code.
💡 Saran vs kemungkinan: should/ought to memberi rekomendasi ("ini yang sebaiknya dilakukan"). might/may/could hanya menyatakan bahwa sesuatu mungkin terjadi atau benar: bukan rekomendasi.
Examples (English)
You should ask your manager before deciding. We ought to double-check the numbers. The client might want a few changes. The delay could affect the whole schedule, so we shouldn't ignore it.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| should (modal) | sebaiknya | You should send the email today. |
| shouldn't (modal) | sebaiknya tidak | You shouldn't reply when you're angry. |
| ought to (modal) | sebaiknya (semakna should) | We ought to check the figures again. |
| might (modal) | mungkin | The client might call this afternoon. |
| may (modal) | mungkin (sedikit lebih formal) | Prices may rise next month. |
| could (modal) | bisa jadi/mungkin | The delay could cause problems. |
| advice (noun) | nasihat/saran | Can I give you some advice? |
| possibility (noun) | kemungkinan | There's a possibility of rain. |
Dialogue
Discussing a project risk
The supplier hasn't confirmed yet. What should we do?
We should call them this morning. They might be waiting for our purchase order.
Good point. And we ought to prepare a backup supplier, just in case.
Agreed. A delay could cost us the deadline, so we shouldn't wait too long.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "You should to call him." → ✅ "You should call him." (tanpa to setelah should)
- ❌ "He shoulds finish first." → ✅ "He should finish first." (modal tidak memakai -s)
- ❌ "We ought check it again." → ✅ "We ought to check it again." (ought selalu dengan to)
- ❌ "The flight mights be late." → ✅ "The flight might be late." (might tanpa -s, tanpa to)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct advice.
2. Which sentence expresses possibility?
3. Complete: 'We ___ check the numbers again.' (formal advice)
4. Which is the best way to give negative advice?
Lengkapi
Flashcards
should
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Ringkasan
- Saran: should / shouldn't (umum) dan ought to (semakna, sedikit lebih formal).
- Kemungkinan: might / may / could: semuanya "mungkin", beda tipis tingkat keyakinan.
- Modal selalu diikuti kata kerja dasar; tanpa to (kecuali ought to), tanpa -s, tanpa -ed.
- Saran = rekomendasi; kemungkinan = sekadar menyatakan sesuatu bisa terjadi/benar.