Unreal Past & Subjunctive
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Memakai unreal past setelah It's time, I'd rather, dan as if/as though untuk situasi tak nyata.
- Membentuk subjunctive dengan kata kerja bentuk dasar setelah suggest/insist/essential.
- Membedakan nada formal (subjunctive) dari nada netral (should + verb).
Bentuk & Aturan
Di tingkat lanjut, bentuk lampau sering dipakai bukan untuk menunjuk waktu lampau, melainkan untuk situasi yang tak nyata, diharapkan, atau dibayangkan. Inilah yang disebut unreal past.
| Pola | Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| It's time + unreal past | It's (high) time + subjek + past | It's time we left. |
| I'd rather + orang lain | I'd rather + subjek + past | I'd rather you didn't smoke here. |
| as if / as though | as if + subjek + past | He acts as if he owned the place. |
| wish / if only | wish + subjek + past / past perfect | I wish I knew the answer. |
Sementara itu, subjunctive memakai kata kerja bentuk dasar (base form) tanpa perubahan untuk subjek apa pun, setelah kata kerja/ungkapan yang menuntut atau menyarankan.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) | ... that + subjek + base verb | I suggest that he be present. |
| (−) | ... that + subjek + not + base verb | We ask that she not leave early. |
| be/go/stop | base form, tak ber-s | It's vital that it stop now. |
Catatan penting:
- Setelah unreal past, were dipakai untuk semua subjek dalam gaya formal: He talks as if he were the boss.
- Subjunctive lazim setelah: suggest, recommend, insist, demand, request, propose dan ungkapan It's essential / important / vital / crucial that ....
- Alternatif yang lebih netral: should + verb → I suggest that he should be present. (umum di British English; subjunctive murni terdengar lebih formal/American).
Kapan Dipakai
- Menegur halus bahwa sesuatu sudah terlambat dengan It's time:
It's time you took this seriously.
- Menyatakan preferensi atas tindakan orang lain dengan I'd rather you:
I'd rather you sent the email tomorrow.
- Menggambarkan kesan yang tak benar-benar nyata dengan as if / as though:
She spoke as if nothing had happened.
- Memberi rekomendasi/tuntutan formal dengan subjunctive:
The board recommends that the policy be reviewed annually.
Examples (English)
It's high time we modernised our onboarding process. I'd rather you didn't commit to a deadline you can't meet. He answered as though he had rehearsed every word. It is essential that each candidate submit the form before Friday.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| it's (high) time | sudah (benar-benar) waktunya | It's high time we addressed this. |
| I'd rather you | aku lebih suka kamu (tidak) | I'd rather you didn't mention it. |
| as if / as though | seolah-olah | He talks as if he owned the company. |
| I suggest that (phrase) | saya sarankan agar | I suggest that he be informed first. |
| it's essential that | penting sekali agar | It's essential that everyone arrive on time. |
| insist that (verb) | bersikeras agar | She insisted that the report be revised. |
| recommend that (verb) | merekomendasikan agar | We recommend that the meeting be postponed. |
| would rather | lebih memilih | I'd rather you stayed. |
Dialogue
A diplomatic project review
It's high time we addressed the missed deadlines openly.
Agreed. I'd rather you didn't single anyone out, though.
Of course. I'll suggest that the team be given clearer milestones.
Good. He talks as if everything were already on track, which it isn't.
Then it's essential that we share the real numbers before the next review.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "It's time we leave now." → ✅ "It's time we left now." (It's time + unreal past, bukan present)
- ❌ "He acts as if he is the boss." → ✅ "He acts as if he were the boss." (gaya formal pakai were untuk kesan tak nyata)
- ❌ "I suggest that he is informed." → ✅ "I suggest that he be informed." (subjunctive = bentuk dasar be)
- ❌ "It's essential that she goes early." → ✅ "It's essential that she go early." (base form tanpa -s dalam subjunctive)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct sentence.
2. Which sentence uses the subjunctive correctly?
3. Complete: 'I'd rather you ___ the client today.'
Lengkapi
Flashcards
it's (high) time
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Unreal past: bentuk lampau untuk situasi tak nyata/diharapkan setelah It's time, I'd rather you, as if/as though, wish/if only: bukan menunjuk waktu lampau.
- were untuk semua subjek dalam gaya formal: as if he were, I wish I were.
- Subjunctive: kata kerja bentuk dasar (be, go, stop) setelah suggest, recommend, insist, demand dan It's essential/important/vital that ....
- Jebakan utama: jangan tambahkan -s atau pakai is/goes dalam subjunctive; alternatif lebih netral adalah should + verb.