Advanced Passive & Causative
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk passive voice di semua tense dan setelah modal verb.
- Menggunakan causative have/get something done untuk aksi yang dikerjakan orang lain.
- Memakai pola 'It is said that...' dan 'He is said to...' untuk laporan impersonal.
Bentuk & Aturan
Passive voice terbentuk dari be + V3 (past participle). Yang berubah hanya bentuk be mengikuti tense; V3 selalu tetap. Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat passive.
| Tense | Struktur passive | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am/is/are + V3 | The report is reviewed every week. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are being + V3 | The system is being upgraded now. |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + V3 | The invoice has been sent. |
| Past Simple | was/were + V3 | The deal was signed yesterday. |
| Past Continuous | was/were being + V3 | The files were being copied. |
| Past Perfect | had been + V3 | The room had been booked already. |
| Future Simple | will be + V3 | The results will be announced Friday. |
| Modal | modal + be + V3 | The form must be submitted today. |
Causative: have/get something done: kita menyuruh/membayar orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu. Pola: have/get + object + V3. Get terdengar lebih informal.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| have | subject + have + object + V3 | We had the contract reviewed by a lawyer. |
| get | subject + get + object + V3 | I'll get the report printed before noon. |
Laporan impersonal: "It is said that..." / "He is said to...": untuk menyampaikan info yang banyak diyakini orang tanpa menyebut sumbernya.
| Pola | Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| It + passive + that | It is said that he resigned. | It is reported that profits fell. |
| Subject + passive + to-inf | He is said to have resigned. | He is believed to be abroad. |
Kapan Dipakai
- Saat pelaku tidak penting / tidak diketahui / sudah jelas: fokus pada aksinya:
The new policy was introduced last month.
- Passive bermodal untuk aturan, prosedur, dan saran:
Helmets must be worn on site. / This could be improved.
- Causative ketika orang lain (bukan kita) yang melakukan pekerjaan:
She had her presentation translated into English.
- Laporan impersonal untuk rumor, berita, atau fakta umum secara netral:
The merger is expected to be finalized next quarter.
Examples (English)
The annual budget must be approved by the board before April. We had the office network upgraded over the weekend. I need to get these documents signed by the manager today. It is said that the company will open three new branches this year.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| have something done | menyuruh sesuatu dikerjakan | We had the office repainted last week. |
| get something done (informal) | menyelesaikan/menyuruh dikerjakan | I need to get my laptop fixed. |
| be said to | dikatakan/konon | The CEO is said to be very strict. |
| it is reported that | dilaporkan bahwa | It is reported that sales rose 10%. |
| be supposed to | seharusnya/katanya | The update is supposed to be released today. |
| be believed to | dipercaya/diduga | The data is believed to be accurate. |
| by (preposition) | oleh | The report was written by the intern. |
| deal with | menangani | The complaint must be dealt with quickly. |
Dialogue
Handling a project handover
Has the final report been sent to the client?
Not yet. It still has to be reviewed by Pak Budi.
Okay. I'll get it proofread this afternoon.
Good. It is said that the client is quite demanding.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "The form must submitted today." → ✅ "The form must be submitted today." (modal butuh be)
- ❌ "We had repainted the office." → ✅ "We had the office repainted." (causative: object + V3, bukan have + V3)
- ❌ "The report has sent." → ✅ "The report has been sent." (perfect passive butuh been)
- ❌ "It is said he is a genius." kadang ditulis "He is said is a genius." → ✅ "He is said to be a genius." (pakai to + infinitive)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct passive form: 'The system ___ right now.'
2. Which sentence is a correct causative?
3. Pick the correct impersonal report.
4. Choose the modal passive: 'The data ___ before Friday.'
Lengkapi (passive / causative)
Flashcards
have something done
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Passive = be (sesuai tense) + V3; hanya be yang berubah, V3 tetap.
- Modal passive: modal + be + V3: untuk aturan, prosedur, saran.
- Causative: have/get + object + V3: orang lain yang melakukan pekerjaan.
- Laporan impersonal: It is said that... (klausa penuh) atau He is said to... (to-infinitive).