Gerunds & Infinitives
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membedakan kapan memakai gerund (-ing) dan kapan to-infinitive.
- Memakai gerund setelah enjoy/avoid/finish dan to-infinitive setelah want/decide/need.
- Selalu memakai gerund (-ing) setelah preposisi.
Bentuk & Aturan
- Gerund = kata kerja + -ing yang berfungsi seperti kata benda: working, learning, making.
- To-infinitive = to + kata kerja dasar: to work, to learn, to make.
Pilihan antara keduanya tergantung kata sebelumnya (verb atau preposisi).
Verb + gerund (-ing): enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, suggest, practise, keep, consider.
| Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|
| verb + verb-ing | I enjoy working here. |
| verb + verb-ing | We avoid making errors. |
| verb + verb-ing | She finished writing the email. |
Verb + to-infinitive: want, decide, need, hope, plan, would like, agree, learn, offer.
| Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|
| verb + to + verb | They decided to hire her. |
| verb + to + verb | I want to learn Excel. |
| verb + to + verb | We need to finish today. |
Preposisi + gerund (-ing): setelah kata depan (in, of, at, about, for, after, before, without) selalu pakai -ing.
| Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|
| preposisi + verb-ing | I'm interested in joining the team. |
| preposisi + verb-ing | He's good at solving problems. |
| preposisi + verb-ing | Thanks for helping me. |
Kapan Dipakai
- Setelah verb tertentu yang menuntut gerund:
I enjoy meeting new clients. / We avoid wasting time.
- Setelah verb tertentu yang menuntut to-infinitive:
She wants to improve her English. / They decided to postpone the meeting.
- Setelah preposisi apa pun → selalu -ing:
We talked about hiring more staff. He left without saying goodbye.
- Gerund sebagai subjek kalimat:
Learning new skills is important for your career.
Examples (English)
I enjoy working from home, but I want to meet the team sometimes. We decided to launch the product after testing it carefully. She's interested in leading the new project. Please finish writing the summary before you leave.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy (verb) | menikmati (+ -ing) | I enjoy working with the team. |
| avoid (verb) | menghindari (+ -ing) | We avoid making the same mistake. |
| finish (verb) | menyelesaikan (+ -ing) | She finished writing the report. |
| decide (verb) | memutuskan (+ to) | They decided to hire her. |
| want (verb) | ingin (+ to) | I want to learn more. |
| need (verb) | perlu (+ to) | We need to finish today. |
| be good at | pandai dalam (+ -ing) | He's good at solving problems. |
| be interested in | tertarik pada (+ -ing) | I'm interested in joining the project. |
Dialogue
Planning a project
I want to start the project next week.
Good. I enjoy working on new ideas, but we should avoid rushing it.
Agreed. Are you interested in leading the design part?
Yes! I'd like to finish planning it by Friday.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "I enjoy to work here." → ✅ "I enjoy working here." (enjoy + -ing)
- ❌ "We decided hiring her." → ✅ "We decided to hire her." (decide + to)
- ❌ "I'm interested in to join the team." → ✅ "I'm interested in joining the team." (preposisi + -ing)
- ❌ "She wants improving her English." → ✅ "She wants to improve her English." (want + to)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct option: 'I enjoy ___ with this team.'
2. Choose the correct option: 'They decided ___ the meeting.'
3. After a preposition we use...
4. Choose the correct option: 'She's good at ___ problems.'
Lengkapi dengan gerund atau to-infinitive
Flashcards
enjoy
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Ringkasan
- Gerund (-ing) setelah: enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, suggest, practise, keep.
- To-infinitive setelah: want, decide, need, hope, plan, would like, agree, learn.
- Setelah preposisi (in, of, at, about, for) → selalu -ing.
- Jebakan: jangan campur: enjoy working (✓), bukan enjoy to work (✗).