Passive Voice (Present & Past)
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk kalimat pasif Present & Past Simple dengan be + past participle.
- Memilih kalimat pasif saat fokus pada objek/proses atau pelaku tidak penting.
- Menambahkan pelaku dengan 'by + agent' hanya bila benar-benar perlu.
Bentuk & Aturan
Kalimat pasif dibentuk dengan be (sesuai tense) + past participle (kata kerja bentuk ke-3). Objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif.
Present Simple Passive: am/is/are + past participle
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) Positif | subject + am/is/are + V3 | The reports are sent every Friday. |
| (−) Negatif | subject + am/is/are + not + V3 | The room isn't cleaned on Sunday. |
| (?) Tanya | Am/Is/Are + subject + V3? | Is the invoice approved? |
Past Simple Passive: was/were + past participle
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) Positif | subject + was/were + V3 | The office was opened in 2020. |
| (−) Negatif | subject + was/were + not + V3 | The files weren't deleted. |
| (?) Tanya | Was/Were + subject + V3? | Were the samples tested? |
Aturan penting:
- be harus sesuai jumlah subjek: is/was (tunggal), are/were (jamak).
- Yang dipakai selalu past participle (V3), bukan bentuk -ing atau bentuk dasar: make → made, write → written, build → built.
- Bandingkan aktif → pasif: The team sends the report. → The report is sent (by the team).
Kapan Dipakai
- Fokus pada objek/hasil, bukan pelaku:
The new bridge was built last year. (yang penting jembatannya)
- Pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting:
My laptop was stolen yesterday. (kita tidak tahu siapa pelakunya)
- Menjelaskan proses kerja atau prosedur (sering di laporan/instruksi):
First, the data is collected, then it is analysed.
- Pelaku sudah jelas/umum, jadi tidak perlu disebut:
English is spoken in many countries.
- Tambahkan 'by + agent' hanya bila pelaku memang penting diketahui:
The proposal was approved by the director.
Examples (English)
The monthly report is prepared by the finance team. All packages are checked before they leave the warehouse. The contract was signed last Friday. The system wasn't updated over the weekend.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| be made | dibuat | These chips are made in Bandung. |
| be sent | dikirim | The report is sent every Monday. |
| be built | dibangun | The bridge was built in 2019. |
| be approved | disetujui | The budget was approved yesterday. |
| by (preposition) | oleh | The email was written by the manager. |
| past participle | bentuk ke-3 kata kerja | write → written, build → built |
| be delivered | diantar/dikirim | Orders are delivered within two days. |
| be checked | diperiksa | Every product is checked before shipping. |
Dialogue
A delayed shipment
Has the order been processed? The client is asking.
Yes, the items are packed and they were sent this morning.
Were they checked before shipping?
Of course. Every product is checked by the QC team.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "The report is send every Friday." → ✅ "The report is sent every Friday." (pakai V3, bukan bentuk dasar)
- ❌ "The bridge was build in 2019." → ✅ "The bridge was built in 2019." (V3: build → built)
- ❌ "The email was wrote by the manager." → ✅ "The email was written by the manager." (V3 yang benar: written)
- ❌ "The products is checked daily." → ✅ "The products are checked daily." (subjek jamak → are)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct passive sentence (present).
2. Make this passive (past): 'They built the office in 2020.'
3. When do we usually use the passive voice?
4. Add the agent correctly: 'The proposal was approved ___ the director.'
Lengkapi dengan bentuk pasif yang benar
Flashcards
be made
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Bentuk: be + past participle: am/is/are + V3 (present), was/were + V3 (past).
- Fungsi: memindahkan fokus dari pelaku ke objek/proses; cocok untuk laporan & prosedur.
- Pelaku: sering dihilangkan; tambahkan by + agent hanya bila penting.
- Jebakan: selalu pakai V3 (sent, built, written), dan cocokkan be dengan jumlah subjek.