Can & Can't
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan tanya dengan can / can't.
- Menyatakan kemampuan dan membuat permintaan atau meminta izin secara sopan.
- Mengenali perbedaan pengucapan can dan can't.
🔁 Ingat lagi: dari Modul 6: Can you...? (Bisakah kamu...?), Could you...? (versi lebih sopan), dan Of course / No problem (tentu saja / tidak masalah). Di sini kita lihat can bukan cuma untuk permintaan, tapi juga kemampuan dan izin.
Bentuk & Aturan
Can adalah modal verb. Setelah can selalu diikuti kata kerja dasar (bentuk pertama, tanpa to dan tanpa -s). Can tidak berubah untuk he/she/it.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) | subjek + can + verb dasar | She can drive. |
| (−) | subjek + can't / cannot + verb dasar | She can't drive. |
| (?) | Can + subjek + verb dasar? | Can she drive? |
Jawaban singkat:
| Pertanyaan | Jawaban positif | Jawaban negatif |
|---|---|---|
| Can you help me? | Yes, I can. | No, I can't. |
| Can he start today? | Yes, he can. | No, he can't. |
⚠️ Bentuk negatif penuh adalah cannot (satu kata), bentuk pendeknya can't. Jangan tulis "can not" terpisah dalam tulisan biasa.
Pengucapan can / can't:
- Dalam kalimat positif, can biasanya diucapkan lemah dan pendek: /kən/: "I can /kən/ swim."
- Can't diucapkan lebih kuat dengan vokal panjang dan bunyi /t/ di akhir: /kɑːnt/ (British) atau /kænt/ (American).
- Karena bunyi /t/ sering nyaris hilang, dengarkan panjang vokal: vokal pendek = can, vokal panjang/tegas = can't.
Kapan Dipakai
- Kemampuan (bisa melakukan sesuatu):
I can use Excel and PowerPoint.
- Permintaan (meminta bantuan dengan sopan):
Can you send me the file, please?
- Izin (meminta atau memberi izin):
Can I leave the office early today?
- Ketidakmampuan / larangan:
Sorry, I can't join the call now.
Catatan register: can vs could:
- Can you...? sudah sopan untuk rekan sehari-hari. Could you...? lebih halus/formal - pakai ke atasan, klien, atau saat permintaan agak besar: Could you review this by tomorrow?
- Saat memberi izin, can terdengar wajar: Yes, you can. Untuk menolak dengan halus, tambahkan alasan: Sorry, you can't park there: it's reserved.
- Can juga menyatakan kemungkinan umum: This room can hold ten people.
Examples (English)
I can use Excel, but I can't write macros yet. She can't make it to the meeting today; she's with a client. Can you help me with this spreadsheet, please? Can I borrow your charger for a minute? Could you send me the report by 5 p.m.?: Of course. He can speak English and Mandarin, so he can join the call with Singapore. This meeting room can hold up to twelve people.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| can (modal) | bisa / dapat | I can speak English. |
| can't (modal) | tidak bisa | She can't come to the meeting. |
| cannot (modal) | tidak bisa (formal) | We cannot accept this offer. |
| ability (noun) | kemampuan | He has the ability to lead a team. |
| drive (verb) | menyetir | Can you drive a car? |
| help (verb) | membantu | Can you help me with this report? |
| borrow (verb) | meminjam | Can I borrow your pen? |
| of course | tentu saja | Can I leave early? Of course. |
Phrase Bank
Phrase Bank — frasa siap pakai
- Can you help me with this?Bisakah kamu membantuku dengan ini?meminta bantuan rekan
- Can I leave early today?Boleh saya pulang lebih awal hari ini?meminta izin
- I can do that by noon.Saya bisa selesaikan itu sebelum siang.menyanggupi tugas
- Sorry, I can't make it.Maaf, saya tidak bisa hadir.menolak undangan/rapat
- Can you send it to me?Bisa kirim ke saya?meminta dokumen
- Of course, no problem.Tentu saja, tidak masalah.menyetujui permintaan
- Can I ask you a question?Boleh saya bertanya?membuka pertanyaan dengan sopan
Dialogue
Asking a colleague for help
Can you help me prepare the slides?
Of course. I can finish them by noon.
Great. Can I send you the data now?
Sure, but I can't open large files on my phone. Use email.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "She can drives." → ✅ "She can drive." (setelah can pakai verb dasar, tanpa -s)
- ❌ "He cans swim." → ✅ "He can swim." (can tidak pernah memakai -s)
- ❌ "Can you to help me?" → ✅ "Can you help me?" (tanpa to setelah can)
- ❌ "Do you can come?" → ✅ "Can you come?" (jangan tambah do; can sudah jadi kata tanya)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct sentence.
2. How do you ask for permission to leave early?
3. Give a short negative answer: 'Can you swim?'
4. Which sentence means inability?
Lengkapi
Flashcards
can
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- can / can't selalu diikuti kata kerja dasar (tanpa to, tanpa -s).
- Pertanyaan: Can + subjek + verb...?; jawaban singkat: Yes, I can / No, I can't.
- Pakai can untuk kemampuan, permintaan, dan izin.
- Dengarkan panjang vokal: can lemah dan pendek, can't tegas dan panjang.