Interpreting Data
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membedakan antara menyebut data (describe) dan menafsirkannya (interpret).
- Menggunakan frasa interpretasi: 'This suggests that…', 'The figures indicate…'.
- Berhati-hati dengan hedging (may, might, possibly) saat kesimpulan belum pasti.
Penjelasan (ID)
Mendeskripsikan data = menyebut apa yang terjadi ("Sales fell by 10%"). Menafsirkan data = menjelaskan apa artinya dan mengapa ("This suggests customers found the price too high").
Penafsiran yang baik bersifat berhati-hati: kamu jarang 100% yakin, jadi gunakan bahasa hedging agar tetap kredibel.
1. Frasa untuk menafsirkan:
| Fungsi | Frasa |
|---|---|
| Menunjukkan makna | This suggests that… / This indicates that… |
| Merujuk data | The figures indicate (that)… / The data points to… |
| Mengajukan sebab | One possible explanation is (that)… / This may be due to… |
| Menyiratkan | These results imply that… |
2. Hedging: bahasa yang berhati-hati:
Hindari klaim mutlak. Lunakkan kesimpulan dengan modal dan frasa berikut:
| Klaim terlalu kuat | Versi hedged (aman) |
|---|---|
| This proves the ads worked. | This suggests the ads may have worked. |
| Customers left because of price. | Customers may have left, possibly due to price. |
| Sales will recover. | Sales are likely to recover. |
| The cause is the new website. | The new website appears to be a factor. |
Modal & frasa hedging: may, might, could, appears to, seems to, is likely to, possibly, perhaps.
3. Hati-hati: korelasi ≠ sebab-akibat.
Dua angka bergerak bersamaan bukan berarti yang satu menyebabkan yang lain. Itulah mengapa hedging penting.
There is a correlation between the campaign and the sales rise, but this does not necessarily prove the campaign caused it.
4. Bahasa sebab-akibat (causal language):
- due to / because of / as a result of + noun: "The rise was due to the promotion."
- as a result / consequently (penghubung kalimat): "Costs rose; as a result, margins fell."
Tip: Pola aman untuk laporan: fakta + frasa interpretasi + hedge. Contoh: "Churn rose by 5%. This suggests customers may be dissatisfied, possibly due to slower support."
Examples (English)
"Repeat purchases doubled. This suggests that customer loyalty has improved." "The figures indicate a seasonal pattern, although more data is needed to confirm it." "One possible explanation is that the price increase discouraged new buyers." "Engagement appears to be linked to the redesign, but this may also reflect the holiday season."
Kosakata
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| suggest (verb) //səˈdʒest// | mengisyaratkan/menunjukkan | The drop suggests a problem with delivery. |
| indicate (verb) //ˈɪndɪkeɪt// | mengindikasikan | The figures indicate strong demand. |
| imply (verb) //ɪmˈplaɪ// | menyiratkan | These results imply that the strategy worked. |
| likely (adjective) //ˈlaɪkli// | kemungkinan besar | Sales are likely to recover next quarter. |
| explanation (noun) //ˌekspləˈneɪʃn// | penjelasan | One possible explanation is the price change. |
| correlation (noun) //ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn// | korelasi/keterkaitan | There is a clear correlation between ads and sales. |
| appear to (phrase) | tampaknya/terlihat | Costs appear to be under control. |
| due to (phrase) | disebabkan oleh | The decline was due to seasonal factors. |
Dialogue
Discussing what the numbers mean
Churn rose by 5% this quarter. What does that tell us?
It's hard to say for certain, but the figures indicate growing dissatisfaction.
Could it be the price change?
Possibly. One possible explanation is that customers found the new plan too expensive.
So we shouldn't assume it's the only cause.
Exactly. The two are correlated, but that doesn't prove causation.
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Which sentence INTERPRETS data (not just describes it)?
2. Choose the best HEDGED conclusion.
3. Complete: 'The decline was ___ seasonal factors.'
4. A correlation between two figures means…
Lengkapi interpretasi data
Flashcards
suggest
//səˈdʒest//
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Bedakan describe (apa yang terjadi) dari interpret (apa artinya & mengapa).
- Frasa interpretasi: This suggests that…, The figures indicate…, One possible explanation is….
- Gunakan hedging (may, might, appears to, is likely to) agar kesimpulan kredibel.
- Ingat: korelasi ≠ sebab-akibat: jangan klaim terlalu kuat.