Writing a Report
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Menyusun laporan dengan empat bagian standar: introduction, findings, conclusion, recommendations.
- Menulis dalam gaya impersonal/pasif: 'It was found that…', 'The data shows…'.
- Menggunakan frasa penghubung formal antarbagian laporan.
Penjelasan (ID)
Laporan bisnis berbeda dari email. Laporan bersifat terstruktur, objektif, dan impersonal: fokus pada fakta, bukan pada penulis.
1. Struktur empat bagian standar:
| Bagian | Isi | Pertanyaan yang dijawab |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | Tujuan & ruang lingkup laporan | "Untuk apa laporan ini?" |
| Findings | Data, fakta, hasil (netral) | "Apa yang ditemukan?" |
| Conclusion | Makna keseluruhan dari temuan | "Apa artinya?" |
| Recommendations | Saran tindakan ke depan | "Apa yang sebaiknya dilakukan?" |
2. Gaya impersonal (impersonal style):
Hindari "I" dan "we" sebisa mungkin. Gunakan passive voice dan subjek seperti the data, the results, the analysis.
| Hindari (terlalu personal) | Gunakan (formal/impersonal) |
|---|---|
| I found that sales dropped. | It was found that sales had dropped. |
| We think the cause is X. | The data suggests that the cause is X. |
| I will recommend hiring. | It is recommended that the team be expanded. |
| Our numbers show growth. | The figures show steady growth. |
3. Reporting verbs untuk bagian Findings:
- The data shows / indicates / reveals / highlights that…
- The survey found that…
- The results point to a clear trend.
4. Frasa penghubung formal (linkers):
| Fungsi | Frasa |
|---|---|
| Menambah info | Furthermore, In addition, Moreover |
| Kontras | However, Nevertheless, On the other hand |
| Menyimpulkan | In conclusion, Overall, To summarise |
| Memperkenalkan topik | With regard to…, In terms of… |
Tip: Bagian Findings harus netral: sebutkan apa yang terjadi tanpa opini. Opini dan saran disimpan untuk Conclusion dan Recommendations.
Examples (English)
"The objective of this report is to assess customer satisfaction in Q2." (Introduction) "It was found that average response time fell from 8 hours to 3 hours." (Findings) "Overall, the data indicates a clear improvement in service quality." (Conclusion) "It is recommended that the support team adopt the new ticketing system permanently." (Recommendations)
Kosakata
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| findings (noun) //ˈfaɪndɪŋz// | temuan | The key findings are summarised below. |
| recommendation (noun) //ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn// | rekomendasi/saran | Our main recommendation is to expand the team. |
| conclusion (noun) //kənˈkluːʒn// | kesimpulan | In conclusion, the project met its targets. |
| objective (noun) //əbˈdʒektɪv// | tujuan/sasaran | The objective of this report is to assess Q2 performance. |
| outline (verb) //ˈaʊtlaɪn// | menguraikan secara garis besar | This section outlines the methodology. |
| It was found that (phrase) | Ditemukan bahwa | It was found that response times had improved. |
| Furthermore (adverb) //ˈfɜːðəmɔː// | selanjutnya/lebih lanjut | Furthermore, costs were reduced by 8%. |
| with regard to (phrase) | berkaitan dengan | With regard to staffing, no changes are needed. |
Dialogue
Briefing a colleague on a report draft
I've drafted the report. The introduction outlines the objective and scope.
Good. In the findings, did you keep it neutral?
Yes. I wrote 'It was found that delays increased', with no opinion.
Perfect. Save the analysis for the conclusion.
Exactly. And it is recommended that we hire two more agents.
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Which sentence fits a formal, impersonal report?
2. Which report section gives suggestions for action?
3. Choose the correct linker to ADD information.
4. Where do neutral facts with NO opinion belong?
Lengkapi laporan formal
Flashcards
findings
//ˈfaɪndɪŋz//
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Laporan punya 4 bagian: introduction, findings, conclusion, recommendations.
- Tulis impersonal: pakai passive ("It was found that…") dan subjek "the data/results".
- Findings = fakta netral; opini & saran disimpan untuk conclusion/recommendations.
- Gunakan linker formal: Furthermore, However, In conclusion, With regard to.