Past Simple: Regular Verbs
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk kalimat past simple positif dengan kata kerja beraturan + -ed.
- Melafalkan akhiran -ed dengan tiga bunyi: /t/, /d/, dan /ɪd/.
- Menceritakan tugas yang sudah selesai kemarin di tempat kerja.
Penjelasan (ID)
Past simple dipakai untuk menceritakan kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lampau. Untuk kata kerja beraturan (regular verbs), caranya sangat mudah: tambahkan -ed di akhir kata kerja. Bentuknya sama untuk semua subjek (I, you, he, she, we, they).
Pola: Subjek + verb-ed + (objek) + (keterangan waktu)Yesterday I finished the report.
Aturan ejaan -ed
| Aturan | Contoh | Hasil |
|---|---|---|
| Umumnya tambah -ed | work, call, check | worked, called, checked |
| Kata berakhiran -e, tambah -d | update, delivere, arrive | updated, arrived |
| Konsonan + -y → -ied | study, try, copy | studied, tried, copied |
| 1 vokal + 1 konsonan (1 suku kata) → gandakan konsonan | plan, stop | planned, stopped |
Tiga cara melafalkan -ed
Tulisannya selalu -ed, tetapi bunyinya ada tiga, tergantung huruf terakhir kata dasar.
| Bunyi | Kapan dipakai | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | setelah bunyi tak bersuara (p, k, s, ch, sh, f) | finished, checked, worked, stopped |
| /d/ | setelah bunyi bersuara (b, g, v, m, n, l, vokal) | called, emailed, delivered, planned |
| /ɪd/ | hanya setelah bunyi t atau d | updated, started, needed, decided |
Tip: Akhiran /ɪd/ menambah satu suku kata baru: update (2) → up-da-ted (3). Untuk /t/ dan /d/, jumlah suku kata tidak bertambah.
Examples (English)
"Yesterday I finished the quarterly report and emailed it to my manager."
"We checked all the figures and updated the budget last week."
"She called the supplier and delivered the samples on Friday."
Kosakata
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| finish (verb) //ˈfɪnɪʃ// | menyelesaikan | Yesterday I finished the report. |
| report (noun) //rɪˈpɔːt// | laporan | I emailed the report to my manager. |
| email (verb) | mengirim email | She emailed the client this morning. |
| call (verb) | menelepon | I called the supplier yesterday. |
| check (verb) | memeriksa | We checked the figures twice. |
| deliver (verb) //dɪˈlɪvə// | mengirim/menyampaikan | The team delivered the project on time. |
| update (verb) | memperbarui | He updated the schedule last week. |
| yesterday (adverb) | kemarin | Yesterday I finished the report. |
Dialogue
A quick update before the meeting
Hi Tom, did everything go well yesterday?
Yes. Yesterday I finished the report and emailed it to the client.
Great. And the budget?
We checked the figures twice and updated the file this morning.
Perfect. You delivered everything on time. Thank you!
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. What is the past simple of 'finish'?
2. Choose the correct sentence.
3. Which verb has the /ɪd/ ending (extra syllable)?
4. How do you write the past simple of 'plan'?
Lengkapi kalimat past simple
Flashcards
finish
//ˈfɪnɪʃ//
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Ringkasan
- Past simple kata kerja beraturan = verb + -ed, sama untuk semua subjek.
- Perhatikan ejaan: -e → +d, konsonan+y → -ied, 1 vokal+1 konsonan → gandakan.
- Akhiran -ed punya tiga bunyi: /t/ (finished), /d/ (called), /ɪd/ (updated).
- Hanya bunyi /ɪd/ (setelah t/d) yang menambah satu suku kata.