This, That, These, Those & Plurals
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Memilih this/that/these/those sesuai jarak dan jumlah benda.
- Membentuk jamak beraturan dengan -s, -es, dan -ies.
- Mengenali beberapa bentuk jamak tak beraturan yang umum.
🔁 Ingat lagi: dari Modul 5: "folder", "desk", dan posisi "next to" / "in front of"; dari Modul 1: "colleague". Demonstratif sering dipakai saat menunjuk benda-benda ini (This folder is mine. Those desks next to the window are new.).
Bentuk & Aturan
Demonstrative menunjuk benda berdasarkan jarak (dekat/jauh) dan jumlah (tunggal/jamak). Demonstratif harus cocok jumlahnya dengan bendanya: tunggal pakai this/that + benda tunggal, jamak pakai these/those + benda jamak. Inilah sumber kesalahan tersering ("this files" → "these files").
| Tunggal | Jamak | |
|---|---|---|
| Dekat (here) | this | these |
| Jauh (there) | that | those |
This book here is mine. → These books here are mine. That building there is new. → Those buildings there are new.
Aturan bentuk jamak (regular):
| Akhiran kata benda | Aturan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| umumnya | tambah -s | desk → desks, file → files |
| -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o | tambah -es | box → boxes, watch → watches, bus → buses |
| konsonan + -y | ganti y → ies | company → companies, city → cities |
| vokal + -y | tambah -s saja | key → keys, day → days |
| beberapa -f / -fe | ganti f → ves | knife → knives, leaf → leaves |
Jamak tak beraturan (irregular): hafalkan:
| Tunggal | Jamak |
|---|---|
| man | men |
| woman | women |
| child | children |
| person | people |
| foot | feet |
| tooth | teeth |
⚠️ Beberapa kata kerja konteks kantor tidak berubah di bentuk jamak: staff dan people sudah jamak (jangan
peoples/staffs), dan information / equipment / advice tak terhitung (tidak punya bentuk -s sama sekali). Kata kerjanya ikut jamak: "The people are ready", "Five staff are on leave".
Catatan ejaan & konteks kerja:
- o di akhir: kebanyakan ambil -es (potato→potatoes, hero→heroes), tapi singkatan/kata pinjaman ambil -s (photo→photos, memo→memos, logo→logos, kilo→kilos). Di kantor sering ketemu: memos, photos.
- -y: cek huruf sebelum y: konsonan + y → -ies (company→companies), vokal + y → -s saja (day→days, key→keys, survey→surveys).
- Demonstratif bisa berdiri sendiri (tanpa benda) saat konteks jelas: "This is mine, those are yours." Sangat lazim di percakapan kantor.
Kapan Dipakai
- this / these untuk benda dekat dengan pembicara.
This is my laptop. / These are today's invoices.
- that / those untuk benda jauh dari pembicara.
That is the manager's room. / Those are last year's reports.
- Bentuk jamak dipakai saat benda lebih dari satu; sering bersama demonstrative jamak.
These documents need signatures.
Examples (English)
This report is ready, but those files still need review. These are the new laptops; that one on the shelf is old. Three people joined the call, and two companies signed today. Please put these boxes near that door, next to the printer. That folder over there belongs to the new people in marketing. We have two memos and five photos for this presentation.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| this | ini (tunggal, dekat) | This is my desk. |
| that | itu (tunggal, jauh) | That is your office. |
| these | ini (jamak, dekat) | These are my files. |
| those | itu (jamak, jauh) | Those are their cars. |
| box → boxes | kotak (jamak -es) | We need two boxes. |
| company → companies | perusahaan (jamak -ies) | Both companies merged. |
| child → children | anak (irregular) | The children are here. |
| person → people | orang (irregular) | Five people joined. |
Phrase Bank
Phrase Bank — frasa siap pakai
- This is my desk.Ini meja saya.menunjuk benda dekat
- Are these your files?Apakah ini berkas-berkasmu?menanyakan benda jamak dekat
- That folder is from accounting.Map itu dari bagian akunting.menunjuk benda jauh
- Those boxes go to reception.Kotak-kotak itu untuk resepsionis.memberi arah, benda jamak jauh
- Five people joined the meeting.Lima orang ikut rapat.jamak irregular (people)
- We need two more boxes.Kami butuh dua kotak lagi.jamak -es
- Both companies signed today.Kedua perusahaan menandatangani hari ini.jamak -ies
Dialogue
Sorting documents in the office
Are these your files on the table?
Yes, these are mine. Those boxes over there are from accounting.
And that folder near the door?
That folder belongs to the new people in marketing.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "This are my files." → ✅ "These are my files." (jamak pakai these)
- ❌ "Those car is fast." → ✅ "That car is fast." (tunggal pakai that)
- ❌ "Two companys merged." → ✅ "Two companies merged." (konsonan + y → ies)
- ❌ "Five childs are here." → ✅ "Five children are here." (irregular: child → children)
- ❌ "Three peoples joined." → ✅ "Three people joined." (people sudah jamak, tanpa -s lagi)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct word: '___ are my keys (here in my hand).'
2. What is the plural of 'box'?
3. Which is correct?
4. Complete: '___ building over there is the headquarters.'
Lengkapi
Flashcards
this
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Ringkasan
- this/that = tunggal; these/those = jamak.
- this/these = dekat; that/those = jauh.
- Jamak beraturan: -s, -es (s/sh/ch/x/o), -ies (konsonan + y).
- Irregular umum: man→men, child→children, person→people, foot→feet.