The Verb 'To Be'
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Memilih am, is, atau are sesuai subjeknya dengan benar.
- Membentuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan tanya dengan to be.
- Menggunakan kontraksi seperti I'm, he's, dan isn't secara alami.
🔁 Ingat lagi: dari Modul 1: "This is..." (Ini adalah..., untuk memperkenalkan orang) dan "colleague" (rekan kerja); dari Modul 3: "based in" (berkantor di). Pola to be di bawah inilah yang menyusun kalimat-kalimat itu (This is my colleague. He is based in Jakarta.).
Bentuk & Aturan
To be adalah kata kerja "adalah/sedang/berada". Bentuknya berubah mengikuti subjek:
am untuk I, is untuk he/she/it, dan are untuk you/we/they. Bedanya dengan Bahasa
Indonesia: kalimat "Saya guru" tetap butuh to be dalam bahasa Inggris: "I am a teacher",
bukan "I a teacher". To be tidak boleh dihilangkan.
| Subjek | To be | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am a teacher. |
| he / she / it | is | She is my colleague. |
| you / we / they | are | They are at work. |
Tiga bentuk dasar kalimat:
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) Positif | subject + am/is/are | He is the manager. |
| (−) Negatif | subject + am/is/are + not | He is not the manager. |
| (?) Tanya | Am/Is/Are + subject? | Is he the manager? |
Kontraksi (bentuk pendek) sangat lazim dalam percakapan:
| Penuh | Pendek | Penuh (negatif) | Pendek (negatif) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am | I'm | I am not | I'm not |
| you are | you're | is not | isn't |
| he is | he's | are not | aren't |
| they are | they're | she is not | she isn't / she's not |
💡 Jawaban singkat: untuk pertanyaan to be, jawab dengan to be juga: "Are you ready?" → "Yes, I am." / "No, I'm not." Jangan dipendekkan jadi
"Yes, I'm."pada jawaban positif (bentuk pendek tidak dipakai di akhir kalimat untuk jawaban "Yes").
Catatan Register & Konteks Kerja
- Kontraksi (I'm, isn't) netral dan natural di email santai, chat, dan percakapan kantor sehari-hari. Dalam dokumen resmi atau kontrak, sering ditulis penuh: "The applicant is qualified", bukan "The applicant's qualified".
- Dua bentuk negatif sama benarnya: she isn't dan she's not. Bentuk she's not sedikit lebih menekankan; keduanya aman dipakai di kantor.
- Untuk benda jamak / There + be, ikuti subjeknya: "There is one printer" vs "There are two printers" (kamu sudah kenal pola ini dari Modul 5).
Kapan Dipakai
- Identitas / nama: memperkenalkan diri atau orang lain.
I am Rina. / This is my colleague, Ben.
- Profesi / peran: menyebut pekerjaan atau jabatan.
She is an accountant. / We are software developers.
- Asal / lokasi: menyebut dari mana atau di mana seseorang.
He is from Surabaya. / The files are on your desk.
- Sifat / keadaan: menjelaskan kondisi atau ciri.
I am ready. / The room is empty.
Examples (English)
I'm an analyst in the finance team, and this is my colleague Dewi. She's from Jakarta, but our headquarters is based in Singapore. Are you the new intern?: Yes, I am. I start work on Monday. They aren't in the meeting room; they're in the lobby. The report isn't ready yet, but the figures are correct. "Is the projector free?" "No, it isn't: it's in Meeting Room 2."
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| I am / I'm | saya adalah | I'm an engineer. |
| he is / he's | dia (lk) adalah | He's my manager. |
| she is / she's | dia (pr) adalah | She's from Bandung. |
| we are / we're | kami adalah | We're a small team. |
| they are / they're | mereka adalah | They're new here. |
| isn't (contraction) | tidak (untuk is) | He isn't ready yet. |
| aren't (contraction) | tidak (untuk are) | They aren't in the office. |
| from (prep) | dari (asal) | I'm from Indonesia. |
Phrase Bank
Phrase Bank — frasa siap pakai
- I'm from the finance team.Saya dari tim keuangan.menyebut divisi/asal kerja
- Are you the new colleague?Apakah kamu rekan baru itu?konfirmasi identitas
- This is my manager, Mr. Surya.Ini manajer saya, Pak Surya.memperkenalkan orang lain
- She isn't in the office today.Dia tidak ada di kantor hari ini.menjelaskan ketidakhadiran
- We're a small team of five.Kami tim kecil beranggotakan lima orang.mendeskripsikan tim
- Sorry, I'm not ready yet.Maaf, saya belum siap.menyatakan kondisi
- Is the meeting room free now?Apakah ruang rapat kosong sekarang?menanyakan ketersediaan
Dialogue
Meeting a new colleague
Hi, are you the new designer?
Yes, I am. I'm Tom, and this is Sara.
Nice to meet you. Are you both from this office?
I'm from Bandung, but Sara isn't. She's from Medan.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "I is a manager." → ✅ "I am a manager." (I selalu pakai am)
- ❌ "She are my boss." → ✅ "She is my boss." (he/she/it pakai is)
- ❌ "He no is here." → ✅ "He isn't here." (negatif = to be + not, bukan "no" ala Indonesia)
- ❌ "You is ready?" → ✅ "Are you ready?" (tanya = balik posisi to be ke depan)
- ❌ "I a software developer." → ✅ "I am a software developer." (to be tak boleh dihilangkan; "Saya developer" tetap butuh am)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct sentence.
2. Make it negative: 'They are in the office.'
3. Which question is correct?
4. Choose the correct contraction: 'He ___ ready.'
Lengkapi dengan am / is / are
Flashcards
I am / I'm
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Tiga bentuk: am (I), is (he/she/it), are (you/we/they).
- Fungsi: menyatakan identitas, profesi, asal, dan keadaan.
- Negatif & tanya: tambah not untuk negatif; balik posisi to be dan subjek untuk tanya.
- Kontraksi: I'm, he's, they're, isn't, aren't sangat umum dalam percakapan.