Reported Speech
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Menggeser tense (backshift) saat mengubah direct speech menjadi reported speech.
- Menyesuaikan pronoun dan keterangan waktu/tempat saat melaporkan ucapan.
- Melaporkan pertanyaan dan perintah dengan say, tell, dan ask secara tepat.
Bentuk & Aturan
Saat kita melaporkan ucapan orang lain (bukan mengutip langsung), tense biasanya mundur satu langkah (backshift), pronoun disesuaikan, dan keterangan waktu/tempat diubah.
Pergeseran tense (backshift):
| Direct (ucapan asli) | Reported (dilaporkan) |
|---|---|
| present simple → | past simple |
| present continuous → | past continuous |
| past simple → | past perfect |
| present perfect → | past perfect |
| will → | would |
| can → | could |
| must / have to → | had to |
Direct: "I am finishing the report." → Reported: She said she was finishing the report.
Perubahan keterangan waktu & tempat:
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| now → | then |
| today → | that day |
| yesterday → | the previous day / the day before |
| tomorrow → | the next day / the following day |
| here → | there |
| this → | that |
say vs tell, reported questions & commands:
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| Pernyataan | say (that) ... / tell someone (that) ... | He told me (that) he had finished. |
| Yes/No question | ask (someone) if/whether + urutan pernyataan | She asked if I was ready. |
| Wh- question | ask (someone) wh- + urutan pernyataan | He asked where the meeting was. |
| Command / request | tell/ask someone (not) to + V1 | She told me to send it. / He asked me not to wait. |
💡 Dalam reported questions tidak ada inversi dan tidak pakai do/does/did: ❌ She asked was I ready. → ✅ She asked if I was ready.
Kapan Dipakai
- Melaporkan pernyataan (perhatikan say tanpa objek, tell dengan objek orang):
He said (that) the budget had been approved. He told the team (that) the budget had been approved.
- Melaporkan pertanyaan yes/no dengan if/whether:
The client asked whether we could deliver by Friday.
- Melaporkan pertanyaan wh- dengan kata tanya + urutan pernyataan:
My boss asked why the figures didn't match.
- Melaporkan perintah / permintaan dengan to + V1:
She told me to revise the slides and asked me not to mention the price.
💡 Jika ucapan masih benar secara umum sekarang, backshift boleh tidak dilakukan: "He said the office opens at nine." (fakta tetap berlaku).
Examples (English)
She said (that) she was reviewing the contract. He told me (that) the supplier had raised its prices. They asked whether we had received the invoice. The manager asked me to forward the email and not to copy the client.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| say (verb) | berkata (tanpa objek orang) | She said that she was busy. |
| tell (verb) | memberi tahu (dengan objek orang) | He told me that the report was ready. |
| ask (verb) | bertanya / meminta | She asked if I could join the call. |
| whether | apakah (untuk yes/no question) | He asked whether the deal was final. |
| the previous day | hari sebelumnya (← yesterday) | She said she had sent it the previous day. |
| that day | hari itu (← today) | He said he was leaving that day. |
| there | di sana (← here) | They said they would meet us there. |
| explain (verb) | menjelaskan | He explained that the system had crashed. |
Dialogue
Passing on a client's message
The client said they wanted the revised quote that day.
Did they? They told me they would decide the following week.
They also asked whether we could lower the price.
Okay. Please tell them to send their final volume first.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "She said me that she was busy." → ✅ "She told me that she was busy." / "She said that she was busy." (say tanpa objek orang, tell dengan objek)
- ❌ "He asked where was the meeting." → ✅ "He asked where the meeting was." (reported question pakai urutan pernyataan, tanpa inversi)
- ❌ "She asked do I have time." → ✅ "She asked if I had time." (gunakan if/whether + urutan pernyataan, tanpa do)
- ❌ "He told me send the file." → ✅ "He told me to send the file." (reported command pakai to + V1)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Report this: 'I am working late.' (She said...)
2. Which is the correct reported question?
3. Choose the correct verb: 'She ___ me that the meeting was cancelled.'
Lengkapi reported speech
Flashcards
say
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Ringkasan
- Backshift: present → past, past → past perfect, will → would, can → could, must → had to.
- Pronoun & keterangan waktu/tempat disesuaikan: today → that day, here → there, tomorrow → the next day.
- say vs tell: say (something), tell (someone) something; reported question pakai if/whether atau kata tanya + urutan pernyataan; reported command pakai (not) to + V1.
- Jebakan utama: tanpa inversi dan tanpa do/does/did di reported question; jangan tulis say me.