Have to & Must
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Menyatakan kewajiban dengan have to, has to, dan must secara tepat.
- Membedakan larangan (mustn't) dari ketiadaan kewajiban (don't have to).
- Membentuk kewajiban masa lampau dengan had to dan memahami beda must vs have to.
Bentuk & Aturan
have to dan must sama-sama berarti "harus", lalu diikuti kata kerja dasar (V1). Bedanya pada bentuk: must tidak berubah untuk semua subjek, sedangkan have to berubah menjadi has to untuk he / she / it.
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) must | subject + must + V1 | You must wear a helmet. |
| (+) have to | I/you/we/they + have to + V1 | We have to leave now. |
| (+) has to | he/she/it + has to + V1 | He has to sign the form. |
| (−) larangan | subject + mustn't + V1 | You mustn't smoke here. |
| (−) tidak wajib | subject + don't/doesn't have to + V1 | She doesn't have to stay late. |
| (?) tanya | Do/Does + subject + have to + V1 ...? | Do I have to register? |
Catatan penting:
- mustn't = must not (larangan): "You mustn't be late." (jangan terlambat).
- don't have to ≠ larangan. Artinya tidak wajib, boleh dilakukan boleh tidak: "You don't have to wear a tie." (boleh, tapi tidak diharuskan).
- Pertanyaan dan negatif have to memakai do/does, bukan must: ❌ "Have you to go?" → ✅ "Do you have to go?"
Kapan Dipakai
- Kewajiban dari aturan/eksternal → have to (aturan kantor, hukum, jadwal):
I have to clock in before 9 a.m.: it's the company rule.
- Kewajiban dari pembicara / keyakinan kuat → must (perintah, saran tegas, aturan tertulis):
You must submit the form by Friday.
- Larangan (sesuatu yang dilarang) → mustn't:
You mustn't share the password with anyone.
- Ketiadaan kewajiban (tidak perlu) → don't / doesn't have to:
You don't have to finish it today; tomorrow is fine.
- Kewajiban di masa lampau → had to (selalu, untuk semua subjek):
We had to cancel the meeting because of the storm.
💡 must vs have to: must terasa lebih pribadi/dari pembicara dan sering untuk aturan tertulis; have to untuk kewajiban dari luar (orang lain, aturan, keadaan). Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, have to jauh lebih umum dipakai.
Examples (English)
I have to send the invoice before the deadline. Visitors must wear an ID badge at all times. You mustn't open this email: it's confidential. You don't have to reply now; take your time.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| have to | harus (kewajiban) | I have to finish the report today. |
| has to (he/she/it) | harus | She has to call the client. |
| must | harus (aturan/keyakinan kuat) | You must wear a badge here. |
| mustn't | tidak boleh (larangan) | You mustn't park here. |
| don't have to | tidak perlu / tidak wajib | You don't have to come early. |
| had to (past) | terpaksa harus (lampau) | We had to work late yesterday. |
| rule (noun) | aturan | It's a company rule. |
| deadline (noun) | tenggat waktu | The deadline is Friday. |
Dialogue
New rules at the office
Do I have to badge in every morning?
Yes, you have to. And you mustn't let anyone in without a badge.
Got it. Do I have to stay until six?
No, you don't have to. You can leave once your tasks are done.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ "You don't have to smoke here." (maksudnya melarang) → ✅ "You mustn't smoke here." (don't have to = tidak wajib, bukan larangan)
- ❌ "She have to go now." → ✅ "She has to go now." (untuk he/she/it pakai has to)
- ❌ "I must to call him." → ✅ "I must call him." (setelah must langsung V1, tanpa to)
- ❌ "We must finish it yesterday." → ✅ "We had to finish it yesterday." (lampau pakai had to, bukan must)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Which sentence forbids the action (larangan)?
2. It's optional. Choose the best sentence.
3. Choose the correct form for 'he'.
4. Past obligation: 'Yesterday we ___ work late.'
Lengkapi dengan have to / has to / must / mustn't / don't have to / had to
Flashcards
have to
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Kewajiban: have to / has to / must + V1; has to untuk he/she/it; setelah must tanpa to.
- mustn't = larangan (jangan); don't/doesn't have to = tidak wajib (boleh tidak): jangan tertukar.
- Masa lampau selalu had to (untuk semua subjek); must tidak punya bentuk lampau.
- must vs have to: must lebih pribadi/aturan tertulis, have to untuk kewajiban dari luar; sehari-hari have to paling umum.