Past Simple
Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:
- Membentuk kalimat lampau dengan kata kerja beraturan (-ed) dan kata kerja tak beraturan yang umum.
- Membuat kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan memakai did / didn't.
- Mengenali penanda waktu lampau seperti yesterday, last week, ago, dan in 2020.
Bentuk (Form)
Past Simple memakai bentuk kedua (V2) dari kata kerja. Untuk kata kerja beraturan (regular), tambahkan -ed (work → worked). Untuk kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular), bentuknya harus dihafal (go → went, buy → bought, see → saw).
Untuk kalimat negatif dan tanya, gunakan did / did not (didn't) lalu kata kerjanya kembali ke bentuk dasar (tanpa -ed).
| Struktur | Contoh | |
|---|---|---|
| (+) Positif | subject + V2 | She worked late yesterday. |
| (−) Negatif | subject + didn't + V1 | She didn't work late yesterday. |
| (?) Tanya | Did + subject + V1? | Did she work late yesterday? |
Catatan penting:
- Bentuk lampau sama untuk semua subjek (I / you / he / she / we / they): tidak ada perubahan -s. He worked, They worked.
- Be tidak pakai did. Bentuk lampaunya: was (I / he / she / it) dan were (you / we / they). I was tired. / They were at the office.
- Aturan ejaan -ed: kata berakhir -e hanya tambah -d (live → lived); konsonan + -y jadi -ied (study → studied); banyak kata satu suku kata menggandakan konsonan akhir (stop → stopped, plan → planned).
Tiga Pengucapan Akhiran -ed
Akhiran -ed punya tiga bunyi, tergantung huruf terakhir kata kerja dasar:
| Bunyi | Kapan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | setelah bunyi tak bersuara (p, k, s, sh, ch, f) | worked, stoped (stopped), washed |
| /d/ | setelah bunyi bersuara (b, g, l, n, r, vokal) | played, called, cleaned |
| /ɪd/ | setelah bunyi t atau d | wanted, needed, started |
Kapan Dipakai (Usage)
- Kejadian yang sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
I sent the invoice yesterday.
- Rangkaian kejadian berurutan di masa lampau (cerita / laporan).
She opened her laptop, checked her email, and replied to the client.
- Kebiasaan atau keadaan di masa lampau yang sekarang sudah berakhir.
We lived in Bandung for five years.
- Fakta atau peristiwa sejarah yang terjadi di waktu tertentu.
The company launched its first product in 2020.
Penanda Waktu (Time Markers / Signal Words)
Kata-kata ini menunjukkan waktu lampau yang sudah selesai dan biasanya menandakan Past Simple:
- yesterday: We met the supplier yesterday.
- last week / last month / last year: I joined the team last month.
- ... ago: They left the office an hour ago.
- in 2020 / in March: The branch closed in 2020.
- last night: He finished the proposal last night.
Examples (English)
I emailed the report to my manager this morning. We didn't have enough time to finish the test. Did you call the client back yesterday? The meeting started at nine and ended at eleven.
Kosakata & Penanda
| English | Arti (ID) | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday | kemarin | We finished the report yesterday. |
| last week | minggu lalu | She started the new job last week. |
| ago | yang lalu | They called me two hours ago. |
| in 2020 | pada tahun 2020 | The company opened in 2020. |
| last night | tadi malam | I worked late last night. |
| went (verb) | pergi (bentuk lampau dari go) | He went to the meeting alone. |
| bought (verb) | membeli (bentuk lampau dari buy) | We bought new laptops for the team. |
| did not / didn't | tidak (penanda lampau) | I didn't reply to the email. |
Dialogue
Talking about yesterday's work
Did you finish the budget report yesterday?
Yes, I finished it and sent it to the manager.
Great. Did the client reply?
No, they didn't reply. I called them an hour ago.
Kesalahan Umum (Common Mistakes)
- ❌ "I didn't went to the office." → ✅ "I didn't go to the office." (setelah didn't, pakai kata kerja dasar, bukan V2)
- ❌ "Did you finished the task?" → ✅ "Did you finish the task?" (setelah did, kata kerja kembali ke bentuk dasar)
- ❌ "I have seen him yesterday." → ✅ "I saw him yesterday." (dengan waktu spesifik di masa lampau, pakai Past Simple: bukan Present Perfect)
- ❌ "She goed to the meeting." → ✅ "She went to the meeting." (go tak beraturan: bentuk lampaunya went)
Latihan
Cek Pemahaman
1. Choose the correct sentence.
2. Complete: They ___ to Jakarta last week.
3. Which sentence is correct?
4. How is the '-ed' in 'wanted' pronounced?
Lengkapi dengan bentuk Past Simple yang benar
Flashcards
Latih kosakata dan penanda waktu lesson ini:
yesterday
Klik untuk lihat arti
Ringkasan
- Bentuk: kata kerja beraturan + -ed; kata kerja tak beraturan punya bentuk lampau sendiri (go → went).
- Fungsi utama: kejadian yang sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
- Negatif & tanya: pakai did / didn't + kata kerja dasar (tanpa -ed).
- Penanda waktu: yesterday, last week, ... ago, in 2020. Akhiran -ed punya tiga bunyi: /t/, /d/, /ɪd/.