Present Simple

Di akhir lesson ini, kamu bisa:

Membentuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan tanya dalam Present Simple.
Menambahkan -s/-es dengan benar pada kata kerja untuk he/she/it.
Mengenali penanda waktu seperti every day, usually, dan on Mondays.

🔁 Ingat lagi: dari Modul 4: penanda frekuensi always / usually / often / never (selalu/biasanya/sering/tidak pernah) dan How often...? (seberapa sering), serta dari Modul 7 to be (am/is/are). Present Simple memakai penanda frekuensi yang sama, dan ingat: setelah to be adverb frekuensi diletakkan setelahnya (He is always late).

Bentuk (Form)

Present Simple memakai kata kerja bentuk dasar (verb 1). Yang khas: untuk subjek he / she / it (orang ketiga tunggal), kata kerja diberi akhiran -s/-es.

	Struktur	Contoh
(+) Positif	subject + verb (+ -s untuk he/she/it)	I work here. / She works here.
(−) Negatif	subject + do/does + not + verb dasar	I don't work here. / She doesn't work here.
(?) Tanya	Do/Does + subject + verb dasar?	Do you work here? / Does she work here?

Aturan penting:

Orang ketiga tunggal (he/she/it) memakai does dan kata kerja -s. Untuk I/you/we/they memakai do dan kata kerja dasar.
Setelah does/doesn't, kata kerja kembali ke bentuk dasar (tanpa -s): ❌ She doesn't works. → ✅ She doesn't work.
Bentuk pendek: don't = do not, doesn't = does not.

Cara menambah -s/-es pada he/she/it:

Akhiran kata kerja	Aturan	Contoh
umumnya	tambah -s	work → works, read → reads
-ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o	tambah -es	go → goes, watch → watches
konsonan + -y	ganti y → ies	study → studies, fly → flies
vokal + -y	tambah -s saja	play → plays, buy → buys
tidak beraturan	hafalkan	have → has, do → does, go → goes

💡 Pelafalan -s/-es: akhiran -s dibaca tiga cara: /s/ setelah bunyi tak bersuara (works /wɜːks/), /z/ setelah bunyi bersuara (reads /riːdz/), dan /ɪz/ setelah bunyi desis (watch → watches /ˈwɒtʃɪz/, use → uses /ˈjuːzɪz/). Penutur Indonesia sering "menelan" -s ini; biasakan tetap mengucapkannya agar jelas.

Catatan register & edge-case kerja:

Di email/laporan resmi, Present Simple memberi kesan netral dan faktual: "Our team handles all client requests" terdengar lebih profesional daripada continuous.
Kalimat instruksi/prosedur (SOP) hampir selalu Present Simple: "You click Submit, then the system sends a confirmation."
Subjek jamak yang "kelihatan tunggal" tetap pakai do/verb dasar: The team work well together (British, tim sbg anggota) atau The team works (Amerika, tim sbg satu unit): keduanya diterima; konsistenlah.

Kapan Dipakai (Usage)

Kebiasaan & rutinitas (sesuatu yang berulang):
I start work at 8 a.m. every day.
Fakta umum & kebenaran ilmiah (selalu benar):
Water boils at 100 degrees. / The office opens on weekdays.
Jadwal tetap (transportasi, acara, jam kerja):
The meeting starts at 10:00. / The train leaves at 7:15.
Perasaan, pendapat, dan keadaan (kata kerja stative):
I like this plan. / She knows the answer.

Penanda Waktu (Time Markers / Signal Words)

Kata-kata ini sering muncul bersama Present Simple, terutama penanda frekuensi:

always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never → I usually drink tea. / He never lies.
every day / week / month → We send a report every week.
on Mondays / at weekends → They train new staff on Mondays.
twice a week, once a month → She calls her parents once a week.

💡 Adverb frekuensi (always, usually, never) diletakkan sebelum kata kerja utama, tapi setelah to be: He is always late.

Examples (English)

I check my email first thing in the morning. She doesn't work on Fridays. Do you take the bus to the office? The shop opens at nine and closes at six. Our manager usually runs the weekly meeting on Mondays. How often does the team send the sales report? He always replies to clients within an hour. The accountant doesn't approve invoices after 5 p.m.

Kosakata & Penanda

English	Arti (ID)	Contoh
every day	setiap hari	I check my email every day.
usually	biasanya	She usually starts work at nine.
always	selalu	He always arrives on time.
often	sering	We often have lunch together.
on Mondays	setiap hari Senin	The team meets on Mondays.
never	tidak pernah	She never drinks coffee.
sometimes	kadang-kadang	I sometimes work from home.
twice a week	dua kali seminggu	He goes to the gym twice a week.

Phrase Bank

Phrase Bank — frasa siap pakai

I usually start at nine.Saya biasanya mulai jam sembilan.menjelaskan rutinitas kerja
What time do you start work?Jam berapa kamu mulai kerja?menanyakan jadwal harian
We meet on Mondays.Kami rapat setiap hari Senin.menyebut agenda rutin
She works in the finance team.Dia bekerja di tim keuangan.menyebut peran orang lain
How often do you travel for work?Seberapa sering kamu dinas ke luar?menanyakan frekuensi
I don't work on weekends.Saya tidak kerja di akhir pekan.menyatakan kebiasaan negatif
The office opens at eight.Kantor buka jam delapan.menyebut jadwal tetap

Dialogue

Talking about a daily routine

Rina

What time do you start work?

Ben

I usually start at nine, but on Mondays we have an early meeting.

Rina

Does your manager join every meeting?

Ben

No, she doesn't. She only joins the Monday one.

Kesalahan Umum (Common Mistakes)

❌ "She work in a bank." → ✅ "She works in a bank." (he/she/it wajib -s)
❌ "He doesn't works here." → ✅ "He doesn't work here." (setelah doesn't pakai verb dasar)
❌ "Do she like coffee?" → ✅ "Does she like coffee?" (he/she/it pakai does)
❌ "I am work every day." → ✅ "I work every day." (jangan campur dengan to be)

Latihan

Cek Pemahaman

1. Choose the correct sentence.

2. Make it negative: 'He plays football on Sundays.'

3. Which question is correct?

4. Pick the right signal word: 'I ___ work on weekends.'

Lengkapi dengan bentuk yang benar

1.My brother in a hospital. (work)

2.We have a meeting on Fridays. (negatif: not)

3. she speak English? (tanya)

4.The bus at 7 a.m. every day. (leave)

5.She coffee; she prefers tea. (negatif: not drink)

Flashcards

every day

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Ringkasan

Bentuk: verb dasar; tambahkan -s/-es untuk he/she/it.
Fungsi: kebiasaan, rutinitas, fakta umum, dan jadwal tetap.
Negatif & tanya: pakai do/does + verb dasar (jangan dobel -s).
Penanda: every day, usually, always, never, on Mondays, twice a week.

SebelumnyaReview BerikutnyaPresent Continuous